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Thursday, November 03, 2022

Links - 3rd November 2022 (2 - Apple, Breastfeeding, Pornography etc)

Breast milk is conditionally perfect - "Breast milk is the universal preferred nutrition for the newborn human infant. New mother have been encouraged to exclusively breastfeed by health care professionals and consumer-advocacy forums for years, citing "breast milk is the perfect food". The benefits are numerous and include psychological, convenience, economical, ecological and nutritionally superior. Human milk is a composite of nutritional choices of the mother, commencing in the pre-conceptual era. Events influencing the eventual nutritional profile of breast milk for the neonate start with pre-conceptual dietary habits through pregnancy and finally to postpartum. Food choices do affect the nutritional profile of human breast milk. It is not known who coined the phrase "breast milk is the perfect food" but it is widely prevalent in the literature. While breast milk is highly nutritive, containing important immunological and growth factors, scientific investigation reveals a few short-falls. Overall, human breast milk has been found to be low in certain nutrients in developed countries: vitamin D, iodine, iron, and vitamin K. Additional nutrient deficiencies have been documented in resource-poor countries: vitamin A, vitamin B 12, zinc, and vitamin B 1/thiamin. Given these findings, isn't it more accurate to describe breast milk as "conditionally perfect"? Correcting the impression that breast milk is an inherently, automatically comprehensive enriched product would encourage women who plan to breastfeed an opportunity to concentrate on dietary improvement to optimizes nutrient benefits ultimately to the neonate. The more immediate result would improve pre-conceptual nutritional status. Here, we explore the nutritional status of groups of young women; some of whom will become pregnant and eventually produce breast milk. We will review the available literature profiling vitamin, mineral, protein and caloric content of breast milk. We highlight pre-existing situations needing correction to optimize conception and fetal development. While alternative forms of infant nutrition carry standard product labels of nutrient adequacy, this information does not apply universally to all breast milk. Infant formulas are fortified with various amounts of vitamins, minerals, supplemental protein concentrates, nucleic factors, omega 3 fatty acids and any important new nutritional finding. Infant formulas are manufactured to be consistent in composition and are monitored closely for quality. Not true for human breast milk. Any nutrient deficiency existing in pregnancy will ultimately be carried forward via lactation. It is a biological impossibility for a lactating woman to transfer nutrients via breast milk she does not have!"
The fetish for breastfeeding is not based on facts, so this won't make a difference - some people even claim it's child abuse if you don't breastfeed.
Some breastfeeding fetishist called formula "poison", claimed that if a woman's breast milk is nutritionally deficient it's her fault because they "eat shit, junk food, plant based, processed shit, full of refined sugars, seed oils and soy" and that those who disagreed had "zero knowledge about nutrition". He then went on to ignore all the scientific papers I posted and declared that I needed year long psychotherapy and learning basics about nutrition like "refined sugar and vegetable seed oils are the main source of civilisational diseases since at least 1970s"

Vitamin D Myths 'D'-bunked - "There are two main kinds of vitamin D—vitamin D2 and vitamin D3—which you can get from (and occur naturally in) certain foods like salmon, tuna, mackerel and beef liver and egg yolks. But because we don’t consume large enough quantities of these foods, they can’t be our sole source of vitamin D. That’s why foods like milk, cereal and some orange juices are vitamin D2- and D3-fortified. (Since the 1930s, manufacturers have voluntarily enriched these foods with vitamin D to help reduce the incidence of nutritional rickets.)  When exposed to the sun, your skin can manufacture its own vitamin D...   Another avenue to get vitamin D is by taking supplements. These come in both pill and liquid form. They are generally recommended for people with fat absorption issues, lactose intolerance, milk allergies, as well as for people with darker skin tones or with certain medical conditions that prevent them from going outdoors."It is practically impossible to get sufficient Vitamin D from your diet. Of course, I'm sure the "natural" food people view fortification and supplements as "shit"

Vitamin D supplementation of breastfed infants: a randomized dose–response trial - "Infants are at risk of vD deficiency when endogenous production of vD is limited by dark skin pigmentation or by residence at a northern latitude"
Weird. I thought it was all the fault of a shit diet
The breastfeeding fetishist proclaimed that "every Vitamin needs animal fat to be absorb... so vit D deficiency is a direct result of standard American diet"

There Is No Iron in Human Milk - "Iron stores in the full-term healthy newborn infant are assumed to last 4 to 6 months... With the assumption that iron stores are sufficient, and with the small contribution from mother’s milk, it is ‘‘believed’’ that the needs for growth are met...Human breast milk has little iron (0.4 mg/L)...To claim that human milk iron is sufficient to 6 months for all breast-fed infants is, however, stretching the evidence.Cai et al (8) have shown that the only known membrane iron transporter is not present in human mammary epithelial cells. Thus, mammary cells do not appear to secrete iron into mother’s milk. This is in keeping with the accepted dogma that body iron levels are controlled by absorption not excretion...The assumption that iron stores are adequate for 6 months can result in unnecessarily withholding iron-rich solid foods from some infants who, at 4 months of age, would benefit from earlier introduction of iron-rich solids (14). There is a greater risk of iron deficiency anemia developing in these infants the longer the period of exclusive breast-feeding is continued (1). Indeed, this author has never seen a table of iron-rich foods that includes human milkNonetheless, every attempt has been made to justify the almost nonexistent levels of iron in human milk as beneficial. It is as if low iron levels are simply a matter of ignorance on the part of researchers who just have not figured out yet how iron works. We dare not suggest that human milk alone does not meet infant iron needs as this would undermine breast-feeding. We attempt one more study, search for yet another elusive molecule/receptor, to justify why human milk must have the right amount of iron. Our rationale includes allowing (assumed) iron stores to deplete before repleting them. For no other nutrient at any time in the cycle do we use such reasoning.If we reframe the discussion around the concept that breast milk does not contain iron, alternate perspectives to infant feeding are possible: some, if not many, infants would benefit from consumption of iron-rich foods earlier than 6 months and reduce the incidence of potentially harmful iron deficiency...Iron drops at 4 months of age as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (15) may be a more acceptable adjunct to exclusive breast-feeding particularly in vulnerable subsets of infants rather than be seen as the introduction of a new risk factor"

Everybody Calm Down About Breastfeeding - "The purported benefits of nursing (here is one list from the California Department of Public Health) extend to better mother-infant bonding, lower infant mortality, fewer infections in infancy, higher IQ, higher wages in adulthood, less cancer and on and on. If one takes the claims seriously, it is not difficult to conclude that breastfed babies are all thin, rich geniuses who love their mothers and are never sick a day in their lives while formula-fed babies become overweight, low-IQ adults who hate their parents and spend most of their lives in the hospital.  It shouldn’t come as a surprise, then, that many women who struggle to breastfeed (or just find it annoying and want to quit) feel ashamed and sad that they are not giving their children the “best” start in life. It wouldn’t be great to make women feel this way even if all the purported benefits of breastfeeding were real. It’s even worse because the truth is that the vast majority of these claims are way overblown...   It is not that the claims about benefits are completely made up. They are mostly based on some data. The trouble is that the evidence they are based on is often seriously biased by the fact that women who breastfeed are typically different from those who do not. Breastfeeding rates differ dramatically across income, education and race.  In the U.S. (and most developed countries), white, wealthy women with a lot of education are much, much more likely to nurse their babies than the rest of the population. But these demographic characteristics are also linked to better outcomes for infants even independent of breastfeeding. This makes it very difficult to infer the actual causal effect of breastfeeding. Sure, there is a correlation between nursing and various good outcomes — but that doesn’t mean that for an individual woman, nursing her baby would improve the child’s life."

Telegram blocks Elijah Schaffer's comment section for Apple and Google - "The comments section of BlazeTV host Elijah Schaffer’s Telegram channel has been blocked in the app store versions of Telegram on Android and iOS...   The message doesn’t explain why Schaffer’s comments section is being blocked in these mobile apps and Schaffer insists that his Telegram comments section is moderated and that his team follow all the terms of service. However, similar messages have been displayed in other channels when Telegram has been forced to block content to comply with Apple and Google’s restrictive app store rules...   The censorship of Schaffer’s comments section and the previous censorship of other Telegram channels at the behest of Apple highlights how these tech giants are able to leverage their mobile operating system and app store duopoly to censor content and discussions on mobile which is now the main way people access the internet, accounting for an estimated 55% of all internet traffic."

Jon Prosser on Twitter - "I bet my left testicle that Apple will not put USB-C in iPhones. Ever."

Apple founder's daughter mocks new iPhone - "The youngest daughter of the late Apple co-founder Steve Jobs has joined the chorus of critics reviewing Apple's latest iPhone - and she is unimpressed.  In an Instagram story captioned "Me upgrading from iPhone 13 to iPhone 14", Eve Jobs shared a picture of a man proudly unwrapping a new shirt identical to the one he is wearing."

It's Official: Apple Is Turning Into IBM - "The great American philosopher Eric Hoffer wrote that "every great cause begins as a movement, becomes a business, and eventually degenerates into a racket." If he'd been a tech journalist he might have written: "Every great tech company begins as an innovator, becomes a de facto standard, and eventually degenerates into a service provider."... Today, almost two-thirds of IBM's revenue comes from "services" and only 8 percent from hardware sales. IBM still generates a lot of patents, but when it comes to having an impact on high tech, IBM has become practically a footnote.  A similar process happened with Microsoft... Apple's new "subscription bundles" will simply serve to lock current Apple users into only buying Apple products in the future, at which point Apple can stop pretending to be innovative and instead release mediocre, overpriced products. Apple will still generate plenty of revenue, but it will become as boring and predictable as Microsoft or IBM."

Surprise: AirPods Pro Are As Unrepairable As Ever - "Just a week after the launch of Apple’s AirPod Pro 2, new owners started receiving an unusual alert: It was, apparently, time to replace their batteries soon. This is unusual, of course, both because the AirPod Pros are brand new—and because it is, for all intents and purposes, impossible to replace said battery.   In fact, the AirPods have a reputation as being one of the most famously unfixable pieces of consumer electronics of the modern era"

What the Steve Jobs Movie Won’t Tell You About Apple’s Success - "Lynn Parramore: We constantly hear that anything to do with government is incompetent and inefficient. Yet as you show, many of the industries and products that make our lives better wouldn’t exist without government-funded research. The whole process of economic growth is hugely interdependent with governmental action. What about something like the iPhone? Is it a product Silicon Valley magic and the genius of Steve Jobs? Or is there more to the story? Mariana Mazzucato: Economists have recognized that government has a role to play in markets, but only to fix failures, like monopolies, for example. Yet if we look at what governments have done around the world, they have not just stepped in to address failures. They have actually actively shaped and created markets. This is the case in IT, biotech, nanotech and in today’s emerging green economy. Public sector funds have not only supported basic research, but also applied research and even early-stage, high-risk company finance. This is important because most venture capital funds are too short-termist and exit-driven to deal with the highly uncertain and lengthy innovation process.   I often use the iPhone as an example of how governments shape markets, because what makes the iPhone ‘smart’ and not stupid is what you can do with it. And yes, everything you can do with an iPhone was government-funded. From the Internet that allows you to surf the Web, to GPS that lets you use Google Maps, to touch screen display and even the SIRI voice activated system —all of these things were funded by Uncle Sam through the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), NASA, the Navy, and even the CIA!... It’s not that Steve Jobs was not a genius—of course he was! But the problem is that the narrative we tell around entrepreneurs like him, Bill Gates or Elon Musk is so unbalanced. We pretend that government at best was important for some infrastructure and basic science behind their empires. We see the new Steve Jobs film, which is based on a 600-page book where not one word mentions any of the public funding behind Apple’s empire. But the real iPhone story — or the story behind biotechnology — reveals a very different narrative in which government-funded research made the most exciting innovations possible. The same could be said of Elon Musk today —Tesla and Space X not only benefit from government-funded basic research through agencies like the DoE and NASA, but they have also, as companies, received high-risk investments by the public sector. Just one example is the $465 million guaranteed loan received by Tesla by the DoE. As recently shown by an LA Times article, the entire Musk empire has received close to $5 billion in direct and indirect support.  Do we hear about that? No. Is that ‘story’ helpful for future innovation? No... Once we admit that the public sector takes an immense amount of risk along the entire innovation chain, it becomes crucial to find ways to share both risks and rewards. This can be done through retaining a golden share of the intellectual property rights; through equity stakes or shares; through income-contingent loans (we do it with students, why not with business?); or through the price mechanism itself. Prices we pay for a product could reflect the public contribution. Some countries are more courageous about this than others. In Israel, the very successful public venture capital fund Yozma retains royalties. In Finland, the public innovation fund Sitra, which backed Nokia, retains equity. And let’s not forget the obvious way to also get a return: insist that company profits generated from such investments are reinvested into production and innovation, and not spent on share buybacks or hoarded... the narrative is so skewed toward the ‘value’ and innovation produced by Big Pharma (or small biotech), that even when the government funds the innovation, it does not have the confidence to go the whole way and strike the right deal. We socialize the risk but privatize the gains... Where did Bell Labs come from? It came from pressure by government on AT&T, which was a (government-granted) monopoly, to reinvest its profits back into the real economy — back into innovation and big innovation. And they did. Where is that pressure today?"
The libertarians and conservatives are going to be very upset

Meme - "Please take your Apple Watch off if you are wearing a dress or formal attire. You look like a spy kid"

iOS 14 stole these 8 useful features from Android
6 iOS 15 features Apple stole from Android — and one Google should steal
iOS 16: 5 features Apple ‘borrowed’ from Google’s Android OS
So much for thermonuclear war

Lufthansa Says Passengers Can’t Use Apple AirTags to Track Checked Bags - The New York Times - "It appears to be the sole airline saying that international standards don’t allow passengers to use the Bluetooth devices in the cargo hold. Apple said that regulators allow their use for all baggage.
Update: Lufthansa says Apple AirTags are once again allowed in checked bags."

Facebook - "Apple: "there's no room for a headphone jack in our phones"
Also Apple:"
"Apple swapped the SIM tray in US iPhone 14 models with a plastic block"

Apple’s Stunning $10 Billion Blow To Facebook - "Apple’s App Tracking Transparency (ATT) features—which cut down the ability to track you on your iPhone by asking for explicit permission—will cost social media firms $10 billion in lost revenue during the second half of this year... advertisers who usually use Snap, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube to target iPhone users have now taken their business elsewhere—apparently to Android and even Apple’s own ad business... TikTok is becoming extremely popular “because it’s a lot cheaper from a cost per 1,000 impressions basis.” The ease in which companies such as Facebook have been able to specifically target users “would shock most people,” says Jake Moore, cybersecurity specialist at ESET"

Apple CEO Tim Cook: iPhone won't adopt RCS messaging used by Android phones - "Those green bubbles that appear around text messages you send to your friends and family with iPhones don't appear to be going away anytime soon. Apple CEO Tim Cook seemed to reject the idea of adopting a new messaging protocol on the company's devices that would make communicating with Android users smoother... When Vox Media's LiQuan Hunt complained to Cook that his mother couldn't see the videos he sent her because they had different phones, the Apple chief replied: "Buy your mom an iPhone."...   RCS is a new messaging standard used by Google and other telecom companies that supports group chats and read receipts, lets users send higher quality photos and videos and has end-to-end encryption, among other features...   Google rolled out RCS for Android users in the U.S. in 2019. The company has launched a PR campaign aimed at shaming Apple into adopting RCS, but so far the iPhone maker hasn't budged.  Internal Apple emails showed executives arguing that allowing iMessage on Android devices would "hurt us more than help us" and that restricting the app to Apple users had a "serious lock-in" effect"

SPH refuses to correct misleading articles which triggered harassment and threats : singapore - "Not only were SPH’s publications misleading in their reporting of my accident claims, they were also published without my consent."

View of Self-perceived effects of Internet pornography use, genital appearance satisfaction, and sexual self-esteem among young Scandinavian adults - "This study examined the associations among the frequency of viewing Internet pornography, beliefs about how realistically pornography portrays sex, self-perceived effects of one’s pornography use, genital appearance satisfaction, and sexual self-esteem in young adults. Online data were collected from four convenience samples of university students from Norway and Sweden, members of a queer youth organization, and readers of an erotic magazine. Because of cultural similarities and the comparable magnitude and patterns of the bivariate correlations among the samples on the study variables, they were pooled into a single sample (N = 1,274). The majority of men (81.1%) and a minority of women (18.1%) reported at least weekly use of Internet pornography on their personal computers, whereas using a mobile phone or tablet was less common. Most of the participants had sought mainstream pornographic content. Those with a stronger belief in pornographic realism were more likely to perceive the effect of pornography use positively. A hypothesized relationship between self-perceived positive effects of pornography use and a higher level of sexual self-esteem was found for men but not for women. This result was partially due to higher satisfaction with genital appearance among the men who mainly watched mainstream pornography. Genital appearance satisfaction was linked to higher sexual self-esteem for women, but it was not related to the self-perceived effect of pornography use. The results indicate that pornography may expand personal sexual scripts for both men and women, and may have a positive, although modest, influence on the sexual self-esteem of young male adults."
In other words, pornography improves self-esteem for men and has beneficial effects for women too

Does Pornography Cause Erectile Dysfunction? - "Those who decry pornography claim that in men of all ages, but particularly in young adult men, XXX-rated videos increase risk of erectile dysfunction (ED). For example, here’s what the anti-porn site, YourBrainOnPorn, says: “There is a correlation between pornography consumption and erectile dysfunction that suggests causation.”  YourBrainOnPorn is wrong. The best research shows no cause-and-effect relationship between porn watching, per se, and ED. This is a 2016 U.S. military report that blames porn for “an unprecedented increase” in ED among American soldiers. The researchers based this assertion on a quick literature review and all of three case studies of young soldiers who watched porn and reported ED.  From such a small sample, no scientifically valid conclusions are possible. In addition, the armed forces researchers were remarkably myopic. They assert that before the mid-1990s when porn began migrating to the Internet, only 5 percent of men under 40 reported ED, but that today, with porn just a tap away on phones, the figure has risen as high in some studies as 33 percent. They blamed porn without considering any other possible explanations. There are several...  The Best Study Showing That Porn Doesn’t Cause ED  It’s a 2019 study by Bowling Green (Ohio) State University investigators. They analyzed porn watching and ED risk among a reasonably representative sample of 877 American men age 18 to 60. They surveyed the men’s erection capacities using standard validated scales, and also assessed their moral feelings and religious beliefs.  A few porn-watching men reported ED, but overall, there was no link between the two. The researchers found “no evidence that mere pornography use is associated with changes in erection function. Sexually active men who also consume pornography showed very high levels of erection function. ED was rare. Our findings run counter to the popular narrative suggesting that pornography is driving an epidemic of ED.”   In the Bowling Green study, a small number of men reported both frequent porn watching and ED. They had one thing in common. They all held the most fundamentalist, conservative views about sex, and considered porn wrong, immoral, and/or sinful.  Thus, it seems that it's not porn, per se, that causes ED. The real cause may be the substantial distress some young men feel when they masturbate to porn while believing that both porn and self-sexing are tickets to Hell. That distress releases the stress hormone cortisol, which narrows the penile arteries and reduces blood flow into the penis. Less blood, bye-bye erections.   When sex therapists reassure these men that virtually all men masturbate to porn, that it’s perfectly normal and won’t harm them, men with stress-related ED usually relax. Their penile blood flow returns to normal. And they recover their erection function—even as they continue to stroke to porn... It’s not porn that’s killing your erections. You’re just trying to raise new ones before your refractory period has ended... don’t be bamboozled by the misleading studies summarized on YourBrainOnPorn. That research is as flawed as the military study. For the best, most scientifically credible information on the effects of porn, visit RealYourBrainOnPorn."

People who support a ban on pornography tend to hold more sexist views about women, study finds - "New research provides evidence that the consumption of pornography is mostly unrelated to sexist beliefs about the role of women in society. The study, published in The Journal of Sex Research, also indicates that people who believe pornography should be legal tend to hold more egalitarian gender attitudes compared to those think pornography should be banned."

Study finds couples who watch porn together have happier relationships | Toronto Sun - "The research, published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology, also questions the claim – from radical feminist activists or conservative religious organizations – that being exposed to pornography is a public health crisis or moral panic that has a negative impact on romantic relationships... The research also indicated the same satisfaction when both partners do not regularly consume pornography.  However, when one partner views porn frequently and the other rarely does, there was less relational and sexual fulfillment...   One explanation for couples who are dissatisfied with their sex life may be attributed to a partner having a stronger sex drive than the other."

Yatt Hamzah chastises Malaysians for watching porn - "Local actress Yatt Hamzah has taken to Instagram to chastise Malaysians who have been spending too much time on the well-known erotic site, Pornhub... Malaysia is the fourth country in the world with the highest number of visits to the website. It is the only Asian country in the Top 5, followed by Singapore at number 8."

A grocery store was once shut down so Michael Jackson could shop like an ordinary person - "It was Michael Jackson's dream to go grocery shopping like a regular person, to experience what it was like, as he says, to "put things in a basket."  In 2003, after mentioning this desire in an interview, a friend of his who owns a mall with a supermarket closed it all down for a day to grant him his wish. To give it a feeling of authenticity, Michael's staff, family, and friends populated the grocery store. Some dressed up like the store's staff, others like shoppers. Even the muzak was customized for his experience. Then, the King of Pop put on a single yellow latex glove and pushed his cart up and down the aisles. He played around a lot in the store and likened the experience to being at Disneyland, because as he says, "I got to do something I don't normally get to do.""

Why being passionate about your job shouldn't be the expectation - "There's nothing wrong with finding fulfillment at work. But passion goes further than that. It's loaded with the expectation that you'll do whatever it takes for your career, which Cech says can lead to exploitation and inequality in the workplace...   Prioritizing passion is a relatively new concept when it comes to job searching. In the 1940s and '50s, career advice centered around stability, and workers were encouraged to land positions that would support them and their families. But during the 1970s, '80s and '90s, self-expression overtook stability as the main motivator. At the same time, Cech says, work also became "more precarious." Industries known for long-term, stable employment outsourced their labor abroad. Now, workers don't stay at one company for decades anymore. Careers are out; gigs are in. In response to the instability of the job market, college-educated workers began circling around the idea that passion should fuel workers, not job security. In 2005, Steve Jobs, then Apple's CEO, underscored the role of passion in work when he gave a commencement speech at Stanford University. "The only way to do great work is to love what you do," he said. "If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle."  Jobs, as well as many of his peers, famously followed their passions by dropping out of college and pursuing business ideas that changed their industries and made them wildly wealthy. Their stories make pursuing passion feel not just romantic, but destined.  But finding success after following your passion is hardly guaranteed. "The stories of the Mark Zuckerbergs and Steve Jobs have cultural relevance because they are success stories," Cech says. We don't hear the stories of the people who followed their passions and weren't successful.  Low-income or first-generation college students are much less likely to have the financial safety nets or the springboards from their social networks to translate the things that they love into employment that both aligns with their passion and draws a decent salary, says Cech.  Based on her research, people from wealthier families are more likely to be employed in jobs that speak to their passions and are stable, compared with people from less wealthy backgrounds. "People motivated by passion first are more likely to work harder than people who aren't personally invested in their work. But they aren't necessarily paid any more"... Sometimes, this lack of compensation is by design... People who work in education, health care, social work, journalism, nonprofits and other fields that prioritize passion are known for their long hours and their devotion to a shared mission.  But conflating passion with working overtime can lead to outcomes that erode that very mission: burnout, resentment, resignation...   Instead of drawing all your passion from one place, ask yourself: What are the things that excite me outside of paid employment? How can I invest time, energy and attention in cultivating passion in that space?"

Captains Cocoa Co. - Posts | Facebook - "Just a note:  The store will be CLOSED this SUNDAY June 5th 2022.  If you have a chocolate emergency Stop in at The Mercantile in Hustisford, Back to the Best near Iron Ridge, Posie's, in Mayville, Ava's or Artisan Market in Watertown,  Violet Blue in Oconomowoc, OR Faith n Giggles in Hartford.  All carry Captain's Chocolate.  Have a great weekend."

Meme - "When you finally thought someone liked you for your intellect but once again you found out it was all about your monster dong *Beast from X-Men and Jean Grey*"

Cost of living: New study suggests rent outpaces income - "Data released by Canadian insurance provider PolicyAdvisor suggests that New York City, Mississauga, Ont., Vancouver, Hamilton, Ont., and Toronto are the most unaffordable places to live in either country.  The study examined the 10 most populous cities in each country and compared the average cost of eight common necessities, items and services: a cinema ticket, a restaurant meal, a bottle of water, a cappuccino, a one-month gym membership, a one-way ticket on transit, a monthly pass on transit, and one month’s rent.  After comparing the costs, the study also factored in the average income of the residents of each city...  According to the study, Mississauga is the most unaffordable city in Canada, and the second-most unaffordable major metropolitan area in both Canada and the U.S.  Mississauga has the third most expensive public transit of the cities studied, following New York City and Toronto, with a monthly transit pass costing $131. It also has the third most expensive rent in Canada, after Vancouver and Toronto, at an average of $2,117 per month.  But what makes it unaffordable, according to the study, is the average net salary of its residents.  Ranking 17th out of 20 cities, Mississauga residents take home an average of $4,168.70 per month. This means a person making the average amount of money and paying the average amount of rent would be spending nearly 51 per cent of their take-home pay on the cost of housing... While the cost of essentials may be less affordable in Canada, those who do have some disposable income will find that, on average, entertainment and lifestyle costs are actually cheaper in most Canadian metropolitan cities than they are in the U.S."

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