Political theories in one line:

Liberalism - Freedom is good
Communitarianism - Do what society (the state) says
Marxism - The rich are oppressing the poor
Feminism - Men are evil
Post-modernism - What is truth?

I was going to do Critical Theory too, but although it's broadly Neo-Marxist and has roots in that area (especially through Marcuse, Adorno and Habermas), after reflection and consideration I agree that it's more methodology than ideology, and anyway Marxism, Feminism and Post-Modernism fall under it.