The Dissolution: Everything You Wanted To Know | HistoryExtra Podcast - HistoryExtra - "‘Do you believe that the positive effects of the Dissolution like getting support from the nobles by giving them church lands were outweighed by negative effects of the dissolution like the rebellions such as the Pilgrimage of Grace?’...
‘Well, I guess it's slightly subjective. And I think for Henry the Eighth, it's overwhelmingly positive. Not just financially, I mean, you know, bear in mind, this, this is a sovereign who is an exceptionally poor sovereign compared to his European counterparts, not just in in wealth, but actually in the land holding that sort of thing. So the Dissolution provides him the opportunity to aspire at least to some of his continental counterparts. But in terms of just redistribution of lands and wealth, certainly in the longer term, you could perhaps argue the Dissolution was a positive thing. That was, I'm not saying it's an equitable redistribution amongst the whole population. But it certainly allowed sort of middling sorts, in sort of late Tudors sort of society to, you know, to, to grow, expand, and that sort of thing’...
‘Sometimes the Dissolution is portrayed as an act of cultural vandalism, which has left the country poor, in some sense. So do you do you think that's fair, so building on what you've just said’
‘Erm, I don't like the cultural vandalism tag. I mean, obviously, the dissolution resulted in the loss of what you could argue is a lot of great medieval art, architecture, art, that sort of thing. But there again, you look to continental Europe, and the Baroque did pretty much the same to most monasteries there. So, you know, we wouldn't be, if we, if the dissolution hadn't happened and, you know, if we had monasteries continuing up to the modern day, we wouldn't have the Rievaulx Abbeys the Fountain Abbeys that we do because they would have been transformed in the 17th 18th and 19th centuries into completely unrecognizable institutions. So, if I was being provocative, you could say that the Dissolution actually preserved for us, in albeit in ruined form, much of our sort of medieval art, architecture, at least in a way that doesn't happen in continental Europe in some places.’"
Is The 'Blitz Spirit' A Myth? Lucy Worsley & Panel Discusses | HistoryExtra Podcast - HistoryExtra - "‘He thought, “I know what my priorities are. They are to go out tonight and to see my girlfriend. And he says it sounds a bit daft. But we both thought it was a bit romantic meeting in an air raid, we could smell the smoke, and we could hear the raid”. And I think we can see that during Coronavirus days, can't we? Some people are thinking it's so important that we cling on to something of our normal lives. So I'm not judging him for that. I totally understand it.’...
'I found an account from somebody else, a writer called Peter Quinell, who actually founded a turn on, you know, he actually liked to go further than just romance during the Blitz, because he, he, he found it a really sort of erotic experience. Quentin Chris talked about London becoming a huge double bed during the Blitz. You wouldn't say those are typical remarks or typical attitudes. But the fact is that people found their own Blitz in all sorts of different ways...
We do briefly address the most famous poster of all, which is called Keep calm and carry on, which was designed and got ready and then - actually, they decided not to send it out, because their, their market research proved that that was a step too far. And people were saying, this is patronizing. So they didn't. Well, mmm, we became confused about this. Yes, didn't they? They did actually send some out from the depot. But we don't believe that it was released in the millions as had originally been the intention. And most of the posters were pulped. Apart from just one, which survived to become the sort of home interior decorating cliche image that it has become now'"
Cathy Newman On Couples That Shook Up History | HistoryExtra Podcast - HistoryExtra - "'You just can't help but thinking that that style of the cult of personality, politics, populist politics, is not serving the world very well at the moment. I mean, you contrast that with some like Jacinda Ardern in New Zealand, and I'm not making a political point here. There was there's been a study, I forget who did it but a study very recently about how female leaders have done better in the Coronavirus crisis...
The Great Man theory of history has always been, the importance of that has always been exaggerated, because, for example, Marxism is actually the creation of two people, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Evolutionary theory, Charles Darwin was actually massively helped by contributions from a British National-, naturalist called Alfred Russel Wallace. So a lot of, a lot of achievements that we think have been achieved alone have actually been achieved in collaboration'"
Of course she quotes bad research and ignores the cult of Ardern (no surprise)
Replacing the Great Man theory of history with the Great Men theory of history hardly changes anything
Voices of China - HistoryExtra - "'Poetry is one of the great arts in Chinese civilization, it's often forgotten that China is the oldest living tradition of poetry in the world. Great poetic anthology of the Book of Songs, going back to the 11th century BC. Songs of love, and war, and labor, and agricultural feastings and festivals. Songs about the human heart, are far older than the Iliad and the Odyssey. Poets, men and women too. And the poets have been the voices of Chinese culture all the way through. There've been many great ages, but by common consent, the Tang Dynasty is the greatest… among the crowds of tourists in the Shanghai Expo just asking everybody what's your favorite period in Chinese history? A few said the Song Dynasty… most said the Tang. And why? Because China went out to the world. The world came to China, but also the great civilization'"
Women's History In 2021 Panel | HistoryExtra Podcast - HistoryExtra - "‘Do you think that there's ever slight dangers about the need for figureheads in, in things like women’s his-, there's been a lot of books for children made recently. So you know, good night, stories for rebel girls, kind of badass women from history approach. But I'm thinking of the example where Coco Chanel was in one of these books, but nothing was said about the fact that she may have had Nazi connections. And people say, well, the search for a hero is often a lot more complicated, because people can have quite complicated legacies, I don't know whether you have any thoughts on, on that need for a hero as opposed to a nuanced historical character.’
‘I think that we all want our heroes and sheroes to be perfect, don't we? But the reality is that history is made by ordinary people whose names are remembered. So I think it's important that we are honest about people and that we portray them warts and all, because that is empowering. If, if our sheroes are only ever, you know, people of perfection, it makes it very difficult for us to then teach our daughters and our grandchildren, that actually, we may not be perfect, but we can still achieve some wonderful things.’
‘I totally agree with Stella that we need more nuanced histories, but I don't think that removes the need for wider public recognition or, or just seeing representations of them all… the idea of rebel girls is a bit more problematic, because it's always bad girls, you know, it's like, somehow, but from doing what they are, they're not good. And there's the wonderful card about, I'm always getting sent this, good women don't make history. But we don't problem-, problematize what rebel girls are and what good women are. So it's another black and white mirror image, which in some ways is just as bad as having sheroes with no perspective on their good and bad points.’"
Too bad feminists complain about accurate history as perpetuating 'stereotypes' or being 'misogynistic'
The Thirty Years’ War: everything you wanted to know - HistoryExtra - "‘Was it really a religious war?... Were there cross confessional alliances? I mean, I guess, traditional perspective of the conflicts is a very strictly Protestants versus Catholics. But is that entirely the case?’
‘That, it isn't the case. Yeah, that's our classic view. That it's it's a war between Protestants and Catholics. Well, first of all, we’ve got to remember there are two different types of Protestant at least, there are Lutherans and there are Calvinists. And in, so the war breaks out in 1618. Well 1617, was the centenary of the Reformation. And if you look at the political pamphlets and newspapers and so on, that are published at the time, you would think there was going to be a war between the Lutherans and the Calvinists. I mean, they hated each other. Because the Calvinists had basically made all of their converts at the Lutherans’ expense, not at the Catholic’s expense. And the Calvinist political activity was, in fact, endangering, the benefits that the Lutherans had secured in the middle of the 16th century. So the Lutherans are by and large, lukewarm to opposing the Emperor. And they do so when either if they had particular reasons, because they, the family, the princely family felt, you know, they had various other grievances, or they're forced into it. So for example, when the Swedes pitch up, and the, they need the alliance of various German princes, otherwise, they're not gonna have enough troops and they can't move southwards. So the brother in law of Gustavus Adolphus is the elector of Brandenburg. And he only joins the Swedish Alliance when Gustavus turns up and turns his artillery and trains it against his palace and says, basically, you know, I'm going to open fire unless you, unless you join. So a lot of them have been coerced into this. But a number of others especially, it tends to be the kind of the youngest sons, the people who can't inherit, the ones who are politically disadvantaged within the system, within the Empire, who do see advantages and raise troops, and are very important, in fact, for the Swedish war effort. So that that's the kind of political side of it. The other, the other thing I think, to remember is that for some people, it really was a religious war, they see, they saw the world in kind of black and white terms... but they are by and large, in a minority. And the people who tended to voice those opinions were also people who often didn't do the fighting. So not surprisingly, clergy, or people who were external observers.'
China’s high-speed railways plunge from high profits into a debt trap - "Bagging a share of 26 percent of the country’s total railway network, HSR today connects almost every major city in China, with travel time just a couple of hours more than air travel, but with the comfort that only trains can provide. In the mad rush to gain the rich economic dividends that the HSR delivered on several profitable lines, especially the Beijing-Shanghai and Beijing-Guangzhou lines, provincial governments across the country have blindly tried to emulate the feat. However, most of such provincial construction has ignored the low- to zero- potential of the expensive routes to attract similar volumes of passenger traffic and are running at high idle capacity. Most new HSR lines in China have witnessed a sharp decline in their “transportation density”. Measured in passenger-kilometres, it is an indicator that projects the line’s operating efficiency in terms of annual average transport volume per kilometre. For example, while the 1,318-kilometre Beijing-Shanghai HSR corridor’s transportation density was 48 million passenger-kilometres in 2015 and continues to be high, the 1,776-kilometre Lanzhou-Urumqi line has only 2.3 million passenger-kilometres of transportation density. China’s overall transportation density of HSR was 17 million passenger-kilometres in 2015, while it was 34 million passenger-kilometres for Japan’s Shinkansen in the same year. HSR construction costs nearly three times more than a conventional rail line. Given the absence of freight tariffs, its operational viability is hinged solely on passenger fares to cover the capital expenditure and operating costs. The craze for HSR has made China neglect the construction of conventional systems, adversely affecting the balance of the country’s logistics mix. As a result, rail has consistently trailed road and water freight transport for the past several years. This has led to growing investments in polluting freight road trucks and trailers, offsetting the environmental gains resulting from HSR. But for the China Rail Corporation (CRC) that owns the HSR network, that is the least of its worries. In the past few years, mega borrowings by provincial governments to monetise its HSR lines have created a debt trap, which is now pinching the coffers of the state-owned CRC. CRC’s financial woes started nearly four years ago when more than 60 percent of the HSR operators each lost a minimum of US $100 million in 2018. That year, the least profitable operator in Chengdu reported net loss of US $1.8 billion. In the same year, transport economists in China had predicted an impending debt crisis for the country’s HSR that was dependent on “unsustainable government subsidies with many lines incapable of repaying the interest on their debt, let alone principal”, and were caught in a vicious cycle of “raising new debt to pay off old debt”. Consequently, since 2015, CRC’s interest payments have been significantly higher than its operating profits, shrinking its bottom line. Four years later, in March 2021, China’s State Council, the highest organ of state power, has waved a red flag to curtail investments in HSR to prevent the slide into a deepening debt trap. The new guidelines have stopped the construction of new HSR corridors, primarily on underutilised routes that are operating at less than 80 percent of prescribed capacity. For China, which has seen the length of its high-speed railway network increase by 91 percent between 2015 and 2020, the new guidelines indicate that the country’s pursuit for speed has come at a high price."
Megan Greenwell on Twitter - "Bari Weiss trying to get a Palestinian professor fired, 2005 vs. Bari Weiss attacking people who say the NYT should not publish articles advocating for military suppression of dissent, 2020. (I cannot believe I have had these woman's takes in my brain for 15 years.)"
There's a reason all these Weiss haters just take screenshots - because they know providing the actual articles will reveal that they keep lying. There's a reason Greenwell quotes such a small portion to skewer Weiss. The true story is - surprise! - different
Opinion | Intimidation at Columbia - The New York Times - "Joseph Massad, was judged clearly guilty of inappropriate conduct. The panel found that he had replied angrily and heatedly to a student who had simply asked whether Israel sometimes gave advance warning before bombing a building so people could get out and avoid harm. It also cited a second "gray area" incident, when the same teacher, in an off-campus lecture, responded testily to an Israeli student who had served in that country's armed forces by asking how many Palestinians he had killed. Had that incident occurred in the classroom, the panel concluded, it would clearly have been out of bounds."
MEALACKING: Recreating Community :: Campus Watch - "We look forward to the day when Zionists and anti-Zionists, liberals and conservatives, libertarians and socialists will be able to sit in one room and discuss the most contentious issues of the day without fear of being silenced—when debates, and not monotonic lectures, are the norm."
Weiss was actually calling for free debate in the article that out of context quote comes from
Carol Dyhouse On Women's Lives Since 1950 | HistoryExtra Podcast - HistoryExtra - "‘I always look for ways of satirizing it. My favorite satirical thing is Adam Ants’ Prince Charming is absolutely brilliant because he's, he becomes Cinderella and it's, and he goes to the ball and hangs from the chandelier and so with Diana Dors, an ageing Diana Dors, as Prince Char- as fairy godmother, wonderful, wonderful, sort of subverts it just around the time of the Diana Charles wedding. But you're right it does keep coming back because it obviously appeals to something deep in human nature. I mean, it would just make life so easy if you could meet one person in your teens, fall desperately in love and it solves the problem of your life forever and ever and ever. But I don't know how many people you know who’ve had *something*’…
‘This study in the 1950s, in which researchers asked, I think it was teenagers about their hopes and dreams. And these girls say, oh, I want to find a husband. But then what was really unexpected was that a third of them reported fantasies about the early death of their husbands.’...
‘That's the study by Thelma Vaness. And Joyce Joseph. It was done at Birkbeck college in the 1950s...it was almost as if even in their teens, the girls knew what they wanted immediately. They wanted a man. But he was basically to provide a house and children. And then they didn't have any more use for him. It's like praying mantises eating their mates or some-’
‘Black widow spiders.’
‘That's better. Yeah, that's better... they would have a house to themselves and the money and they could do what they liked...
A lot of parents tried to stop their kids running away to marry. And they would do this quite often by making the daughters particularly wards of court. And but that didn't work either. Because what then often happened was that the daughter would get pregnant by the guy who was thought to be unsuitable, and then the father would have to go back to the courts and say, for God's sake, don't let my daughter be a ward of court anymore because it was better to have a legitimate grandchild than. than to hang out for a more suitable son in law... And the courts were complaining and it was the fact that the courts were complaining because they couldn't handle it. All these cases that fed into the the desire to see the age of majority come down for. Well, it fed initially into the setting up of a parliamentary committee to investigate whether the age of majority should come down from 21 to 18’...
‘It's hard to remember how awful it was to be an unmarried mother in the 50s.’
‘And of course, people ,were it wasn't like people weren't having sex before marriage then. I think I read a statistic in your book that 27% of teenage brides were pregnant on their wedding day.’
‘They were having sex. I think it's really interesting there. So that's something that the age of majority committee did actually go into. I mean, what was the, were young people having more sex than they were in the past? You know, is it because they were maturing earlier? Were they healthier? The post war generation. You know, was it that they had more opportunities? Or had things changed so that there was less tolerance of illegitimacy than there had been in the past?’"
Who wouldn't want to have free money for life?
Aidan Dodson On Nefertiti | HistoryExtra Podcast - HistoryExtra - "'Apart from attacking Amon, Akhenaten didn't actually attack the other gods. He simply defunded them. So therefore their temples no longer got the state subsidies which it used to. And therefore they’re left or whether, to wither away. It's only, it's only Amon who actually had a major thing about actually, is attacked... we actually have a huge number of statues of the god Amon with Tutankhamun’s features because when a king is making statues of a god, it's using the features of himself and goddesses are shown with the face of his wife...
Akhenaten we know has two wives who is known to us. There is Nefertiti, and there is lady called Kiya. Now we've got lots of depictions of Nefertiti with six daugh-, up to six daughters, but no sons. And on that basis, people said, well, in that case, if you're not showing a son, well, he couldn't, she couldn't have had one. As she's saying all these daughters were one, therefore, Kiya must be his his mother. And in fact, that's been made a fact in many, many books and TV programs. Yet the problem is we have pictures of, of Kia with her child, who is a girl. There are no signs of her with anybody other than one single daughter. So if you're denying the possibility that Nefertiti is Tutankhamun’s mother on the basis, he's never shown with her, well, you can't, you know-, it’s the same for Kiya. Also people who say this, it shows a lack of understanding of Egyptian royal depictions. Because actually, until the time of Akhenaten, there are no examples whatsoever of any royal princes being shown with their parents ever, in the whole of Egyptian history. It's only subsequently when a new dynasty comes to power. And they are trying to sort of emphasize that they are as royal as next person, even though they're not, when you start having depictions of royal sons. Prior to that there's not a single example in the previous 1500 years of Egyptian history...
Kiya is weird in the sense that the title she holds is completely unique. Normally, you've got the king’s great wife, and then you've got kings’, what various kings’ wives. The junior ones. But Kiya is king’s greatly beloved wife. So the fact that she holds a completely unique title makes one wonder exactly what her status is. It's been suggested she might have been a foreign princess. But it's something sort of slightly unusual about her. And then also we find that she is disgraced as well. She appears on monuments. And then probably somewhere around the 12th year, we can't be absolutely certain, her images are all hacked out of the walls where they’d appeared, her name is taken away. And then all her monuments are then usurped with her name, and also the name of her daughter, also replaced by those of Akhenaten's daughters. Now, this led to appear for a period if it is still to be found, amongst some tour guides in Egypt, the legend, that Akhenaten and Nefertiti had a falling out, got divorced or something like that. And it’s a good example, I think of how Egyptian history works or doesn't work in the sense of how we put it together. Because back in the early 1920s, excavations at the new capital city that Akhenaten had built, a place we call now call Tel Amarna. In those days, it was called Akhetaten. They found a temple. And they found depictions with a king and a queen, but the king, but the Queen's figure had been mutilated and recarved and the name had been cut out. Now at this time in the early 1920s, the only wife we knew of Akhenaten was Nefertiti. And therefore, the archaeologists put two and two, put two and two together and made five. So therefore, in their report, they stated that there clearly had been some kind of falling out between the two of them. And that she may have been in disgrace during her, her last years of her life. Nobody actually noticed that these erasures were only in this one particular temple, they didn't, they seemed to miss the fact that her name was perfectly intact everywhere else at the city and everywhere else in Egypt. But now that this decision, this was made, at the same time, where they had discovered I mentioned earlier on this depiction of Akhenaten, his co ruler, in an intimate context. We now know simply that’s Akhenaten and his wife, but it was thought that they might, this was a gay relationship, and therefore they started embroidering this idea of Akhenaten and Nefertiti having a fallout by saying it because he'd run off with his boyfriend, and she was unhappy about it. And this has found its way into her, into the history books. It's found its way, it's still what you're told, when you go, at least by some tour guide, when you go to Amarna today, it's also found its way into books on, on gay history. In fact, and but then, in the 1960s, Kiya was discovered, it was realized it was all complete rubbish. Unfortunately, by that time, the damage had been done, once things have got into books. And it has meant that we've got this whole slew, slouch of, of history of Akhenaten and his boyfriend, which unfortunately, has not been a fact or even a hypothesis since the 1960s, at least amongst Egyptologists. But unfortunately, it's all gone out there and no, once, once these kinds of zombie facts, as I call them, are out there, it's very difficult to kill them.'"
Another example of 'gay history' being wishful thinking
Gordon Campbell On Vikings In North America | HistoryExtra Podcast - HistoryExtra - "‘There's a difference between the way Europeans think about this and the way settler societies like America think about it. When you were I look at Stonehenge or a Scott looks at Skara Brae we see our own remote past even though the chances of our being related to the people live in Stonehenge or Skara Brae are nil, we, ours is a past of place. But when when most Americans look at the Chaco Canyon ruins the wonderful relics of a civilization in New Mexico, they don't see themselves there. They say oh, that's that's a Native American site, very interesting. Because they they see their own past in terms of the continents from which their ancestors came, they see themselves as Asian Americans or African Americans or Hispanic Americans, or more specific hyphenated identities, Polish Americans, Irish Americans and so on. Now, the dominant empowered group are of English descent. So they just call themselves Americans. They are the real Americans in their their minds. And Scandinavian Americans are now part of that mainstream, they just call themselves Americans. But in the past, they weren't. They were marginalized. They were relatively poor. They were hyphenated. So the contention that the Norse were the first Europeans to set foot in America, raised them up in the pecking order, and so entitled them to a higher standing than their present state. And the second side of that question, it, it’s confessional. It's a claim for the descendants of North European Protestants because we're talking WASPs - white Anglo Saxon Protestants, having priority over South European Catholics, whose hero was, of course, Columbus. The, the adoption of Columbus as the discoverer is a related story and it's equally thin. Columbus never conceived of the existence of North America, much less discovered it. He denied or until his dying day that he discovered a new continent, he insisted he discovered Asia. And the hard fact that the first European settlers in America were Spanish remains an uncomfortable truth for many Europeans of North European descent. So they celebrate the the Mayflower because that's, that's English settlers, but the fact that, that St. Augustine in Florida was established 60 years before that, there's complete silence about that. So, so that that's why it matters. The Norse give give legitimacy and and status to people of North European descent.’...
‘You mentioned the sagas a little bit earlier. What do they tell us about Norse voyages to and exploration of North America? Should we give them much credence?’
‘Erm. Well, the sagas are literature, though they've not always been read as literature. And there is a tendency to look in literature for, for truth. The classic example of this is, if I can offer an analogy, is Homer's Iliad. And in the 19th century, people assumed it was true, that there had been armed conflicts in, in the, in the area about 1200 years BCE. There was no archaeological evidence, and an archaeologist called Schliemann went off to the coast of Anatolia. And he dug trying to find Troy. And he found some burnt wood and said, aha, we have evidence of a fire. He discovered precious objects, and he said, this must be Priam’s treasure. So in other words, he read the whole thing literally, because he wanted to prove that the Iliad was true. Now, it's not true. Archaeologists no longer believe that. There may be elements of place, but there are no, there's no transmission of names and actions of individuals. The sagas are exactly the same. They describe, they describe journeys. And these descriptions are often taken to be logbooks. And they give measurements and people have tried to plot the measurements of actual voyages by named historical individuals. It's possible that there was a chieftain called Erik the Red around whom legends accumulated. It's possible, it's getting a bit unlikely that he had a son called Leif Erikson or Leif the Lucky as he's known. The notion that the other members of his family were historical, is tough to defend. There are in Greenland, many records of names, of people who lived in Greenland, and not one of the names in the sagas has ever appeared in the historical record. So their voyages to Greenland, and then lands to the west of Greenland, as described in the sagas, may never have happened. Now, it's possible of course, that these characters did exist, you can't tell and that the sagas preserve shards of memory. In other words, these characters in the sagas exist in the liminal space between fact and fiction. And that's, that's very uncomfortable for most people. That's why there's been an impulse to say, the real people. And, you know, statues are erected of of Leif, in various places, as if he were a real person. There are no statues of Erik the Red, he was a serial killer at best. So no, no one would want to promote him, though, oddly enough, in Greenland, in the National Museum, there's a sign that says Greenland is of course part of North America, we speak the same language as our counterparts in, in Canada. And the first European to discover North America or to arrive in North America was not Leif the Lucky. But Erik, the Red, because he came to Greenland. And that's what we are. So the sagas sit there. They're they're fiction, they have, maybe bits of fact in them. But separating facts, trying to identify those historical shards is an impossible task.’"
Alun Withey On Facial Hair Through History | HistoryExtra Podcast - HistoryExtra - "'With the Tudoes comes the, again another sort of massive facial hairstyles, the spade beard, which you see in Holbein portraits, and again, that that style worn by Henry VIII, the very big, thick facial hair, which is seen again, as a symbol of male wisdom, but also sexual power, virility. It's very much that that sense of the beard is an outward representation of male in a heat.'...
'In 1650, facial hair was conceived of in humeral terms. In physiological terms, facial hair in early modern England was regarded as one of the body's excrements. Essentially, an exhaust gas leftover from the production of sperm deeper in the body which gradually made its way upwards and outwards, solidifying on the surface of the face'"
Dr Amanda McVitty On Medieval Treason | HistoryExtra Podcast - HistoryExtra - "‘Treason was often manipulated for political ends with accusations of treason being used by powerful men to get rid of their political enemies. This discourse of the, the wicked advisor that is very, comes up again and again in the history of this period. So at its most basic treason included what seemed fairly obvious crimes like trying to kill the king, fomenting rebellion or waging war against the king in his own realm, but it also extended to more nebulous offenses, like publicly publicly questioning the king’s legitimacy, seeking to disinherit him or his heirs or trying to deprive him of his subjects’ love. Now, having said all that, the first statutory definition of treason… [included] having sexual intercourse with the king's wife, his eldest unmarried daughter, or the wife of his eldest son. So these offenses that we're seeing as tainting the royal bloodline, and you know, interfering with that process of dynastic succession and political legitimacy. So here we see treason imagined, being imagined as a very intimate crime focused on the person of the king and on his immediate family, as an assent, an extension essentially of his royal body. But the statute then goes on to more public types of treason, such as attacking the Chancellor or other senior government officials while they were about the king’s business or forging the king's seal. And then the period I focus on, the, that legal scope gets steadily expanded. And we also see, start to see the idea of treason as acts against the people and nation of England, or against the public good of the realm. And beyond these legal definitions, and sometimes in conflict with them are also cultural ideas of treason as a betrayal of manly honor, and of bonds of loyalty that are seen as natural. So these natural ties that helps, you know, designed by God to help human society function. And these bonds are often secured by sworn oaths. So, for example, men were called traitors, because they'd shown cowardice in battle or because they had betrayed the Lord by committing adultery with his wife...
‘So if, if treason as a concept is all about men and male bonds, could women be traitors?’...
'There were certainly women involved in these treason proceedings. And a couple of cases, they appear as anonymous woman who have been responsible for circulating these rumors and stories about, you know, Henry being illegitimate and basically being channels for this variable political dissent and unrest. But they don't actually get charged with treason themselves. And those kinds of cases, what happens is, the man that actually repeats those stories in public is the ones, is the one that gets charged with treason and executed, and the woman basically just disappears from the record. And then in a number of other cases with more high status woman involved in treason plots. So for example, Moore [sp?] De Vere who was the Countess of Oxford, and also Constance Lady Despenser, they actually seem to have masterminded treason plots themselves… when it comes to the processes of investigation and punishment, they fade into the background. And if they get punished at all, it's with much less severe and more private punishments, than their male accomplices. So for example, in Moore De Vere’s case, she simply had her her lands and revenues, seized by the king for a few months, but she was never arrested or anything like that. And then she was sort of given everything back again. So there was no long term consequences for her. Now, this was because in a masculine political culture in which women were basically excluded from government office and other forms of formal channels of power, they were thought to lack political agency by definition, and therefore to be incapable of the political crime of treason, although they could be convicted of the crime of petty treason, which was to kill your husband or petty treason also covered say, a servant covering, killing his master and so on. So, the inversion of the natural order basically. But not this, this, treason in the political sense... not until really into the 16th century, we see a woman being accused of high treason or of political treason’"
There's Nothing More German Than a Big, Fat Juicy Döner Kebab - WSJ - "Today, there are more döner stands in Berlin than in Istanbul. And about 720 million servings are sold nationally each year according to an industry association."
I’d be a goner… without my doner - "A KNIFE attack victim saved his own life after having his throat slit — by stemming the gushing blood with a doner kebab. Quick-thinking James Hobbs, 37, held the wrapped £3.40 takeaway to his neck for several minutes until his cousin found a towel to cover the 5in gash."
German Doner Kebab - "The ready frozen Doner Kebab factory's in Germany-England are using only import frozen meat from Latin America or from other countrys, in this case production is cheaper (The fresh meat is double expensive) and containing secret mixtures and additives. In Turkey we use only fresh meat and also mixing the red meat (beef) with lamb tail fat. The Turkish people dont like many sauces inside the Doner kebab. We prefer to feel the meat taste as first but the European people prefer to feel the sauces taste as first."
Cyclist at AMK Avenue 1 beats red light, crashes into another cyclist crossing the street
It's all the fault of inconsiderate motorists endangering cyclists
Soup Containers Are the Best Way to Store Leftovers - "Yes, they are plastic, but they are plastic that is designed to hold food—even very hot food—and they’re cheap enough that you can toss them into the recycling the moment you feel they’re wearing out. They’re pretty durable and, unless you’re putting them in the microwave on a daily basis, I’ve found they last a very long time (pretty much indefinitely if you only use them for cold and room temperature storage). Finally, they are light and virtually unbreakable. Though I love the look of glass containers, the good ones are heavy and—no matter how thick and tempered the glass is—they can shatter if dropped"
The Top 5 Restaurant Supply Store Essentials, Ranked - "#1: Soup containers... The buckets come in several sizes, but the lids are universal. You can put them through the microwave, dishwasher, and freezer. Empty or full, they stack efficiently. Their flexible material makes them super easy to pour from: just squeeze the sides gently to make a spout. They’re recyclable, but they’re so cheap ($5-10 for a sleeve of 50 depending on where you get them) that tossing a months-old bucket of rotted mystery fluid straight into the garbage isn’t the end of the world. Even better, their usefulness transcends food storage. If precision isn’t a huge deal, you can use soup containers to approximate volume measures. They can withstand both boiling brine and freezing temperatures, making them the perfect vessel for fridge and freezer pickles. Unlike standard mason jars, soup containers have wide mouths that perfectly accommodate stick blenders, allowing you to make salad dressings and mayo directly in their storage container. Cut an X in the center of a lid, stick in a straw, and you’ve got a portable, dishwasher-safe, quart-sized sippy cup for adult beverages. Fill a few buckets with water and use them as a weight to press eggplant or tofu or fill one with water, put a lid on it, and use it to keep a bag of food fully submerged while it cooks sous-vide. The possibilities are truly endless, friends. Pick some of these up — you won’t regret it."